Engleski jezik 1 - Beginner Learning - A time travel

1 Now and then

Why did people start wearing clothes? Watch the video, listen and find out.

Transkript

History isn't just about politics and war. It's also about how people lived in the past - what they wore, what they ate and what their homes were like. History comes alive when you imagine what it was like in another time and place.

Humans have always worn clothes. One of the main reasons why people wore clothes was to keep warm. Early humans covered themselves with leaves and twigs. Unlike animals, their skin was not able to resist variable temperatures during the winter and summer. So, they started covering themselves with animal skins - fur and leather. They made clothes from fibers which came from plants and animals. The oldest fiber is the flax. Through spinning and weaving flax fiber was converted into the linen fabric. Wool came much later but it is also one of the oldest fabrics and felt is the oldest textile that was obtained from wool.

Why did tribes wear different clothes? Well, the reason is quite simple; they wanted to be identified as a certain group. Think of football matches today: When you see people wearing their favourite team or national team’s jersey you can be sure they are doing the same thing.

Another reason was to protect themselves from injuries. Think about suits of armour. Soldiers wore them in battles some 5,000 years ago. Today you’ve got knee pads, shoulder pads or helmets that also protect you from injuries.

In Ancient Egypt, clothes served to stand out from the crowd or to show how important you were. Pharaohs wore head dresses to show their status and importance. People still wear things on their heads today to show their importance. Just think of kings and queens, policemen, firefighters or even bishops!

So, next time you open your wardrobe, be sure that the clothes you choose will not only keep you warm, but also help you to fit in or stand out.

2 Listening comprehension

Select True or False using the information from the transcript.

REMEMBER BOX

Past Simple

Positives	Negatives	Questions
e.g. play-played, visit-visited WATCH OUT: You learn irregular verbs by heart e.g. go-went	SUBJECT+DIDN’T+VERB You didn’t go to school last week.	DID + SUBJECT + VERB Did you play in the park yesterday?

Adverbs
Last week, yesterday, in 1988, three months ago.

Past Simple

Positives	e.g. play-played, visit-visited WATCH OUT: You learn irregular verbs by heart e.g. go-went

Negatives	SUBJECT+DIDN’T+VERB You didn’t go to school last week.

Questions	DID + SUBJECT + VERB Did you play in the park yesterday?

Adverbs
Last week, yesterday, in 1988, three months ago.

3 True or false

Are these statements True or False? Select the correct option. Correct the false statements.

4 Ask and answer

Transkript

History isn't just about politics and war. It's also about how people lived in the past - what they wore, what they ate and what their homes were like. History comes alive when you imagine what it was like in another time and place.

Humans have always worn clothes. One of the main reasons why people wore clothes was to keep warm. Early humans covered themselves with leaves and twigs. Unlike animals, their skin was not able to resist variable temperatures during the winter and summer. So, they started covering themselves with animal skins - fur and leather. They made clothes from fibers which came from plants and animals. The oldest fiber is the flax. Through spinning and weaving flax fiber was converted into the linen fabric. Wool came much later but it is also one of the oldest fabrics and felt is the oldest textile that was obtained from wool.

Why did tribes wear different clothes? Well, the reason is quite simple; they wanted to be identified as a certain group. Think of football matches today: When you see people wearing their favourite team or national team’s jersey you can be sure they are doing the same thing.

Another reason was to protect themselves from injuries. Think about suits of armour. Soldiers wore them in battles some 5,000 years ago. Today you’ve got knee pads, shoulder pads or helmets that also protect you from injuries.

In Ancient Egypt, clothes served to stand out from the crowd or to show how important you were. Pharaohs wore head dresses to show their status and importance. People still wear things on their heads today to show their importance. Just think of kings and queens, policemen, firefighters or even bishops!

So, next time you open your wardrobe, be sure that the clothes you choose will not only keep you warm, but also help you to fit in or stand out.

Watch the video again. Write down five questions using Past Tense. Use the check button to check your spelling.

5 Fashion through the decades

Read about fashion through decades. Sort out the clothes below according to decades.

Somewhere in the 1920s the fashion entered the modern era. Still, clothing was simple. Women wore walking suits (skirt, blouse and sweater) paired with mid-heel Oxfords. As for accessories, hats, gloves and matching purses were popular. Men wore short suit jackets, trousers known as Oxford bags and they preferred tuxedoes for evening. Top hats, fedoras or newsboy caps showed your class back in the '20s.

Dresses in the 1940s became shorter. One of the most important things were the shoulder pads. Every dress, blouse or jacket had shoulder pads that extended just past the edge of the shoulder. A line suit skirts and wedgies became popular. Swimsuits came in one piece and, for the first time, two pieces. Also, for the first time, women started wearing trousers. As for men, war time clothing influenced men’s fashion design after the war by copying or modifying uniforms into civilian clothes. Trench coats, bomber jackets, knit undershirts, pea coats, chino pants and aviator glasses all had roots in World War II military clothing.

The fashion exploded during the 1960s. New fashion styles appeared, varying from jeans and capri pants to materials such as polyester and nylon. Short plastic raincoats ad dyed fake furs became popular for young women. A timeless fashion piece-a miniskirt appeared in the '60s as well. Hippie style has come in the late '60s Men and women wore bell-bottomed jeans, work shirts, headbands and Jesus sandals.

Acid-washed jeans and a short leather jacket were a must have in the '90s for both, men and women. Polka dot shirts or a plain t-shirt under a blazer were popular among men. Floral pattern, leopard print outfits and velvet dresses appeared in women’s fashion. Have you ever thought about neon colors or overalls? They also entered the fashion scene in the '90s.

6 Clothes

Select the right choices and drop them into the sentences.

In the 1920s, women usually wore (skirt, blouse and sweater) paired with mid-heel Oxfords.

On the other side, men usually wore , trousers known as Oxford bags and they preferred tuxedoes for evening.

In the 1940s dresses had that extended just past the edge of the shoulder.

World War II has influenced men's fashion with trench coats, and aviator glasses.

A is a timeless fashion piece that appeared somewhere in the '60s.

Hippie style introduced , work shirts, headbands and Jesus sandals into fashion.

and a short leather jacket was a must have in the '90s for both men and women.

REMEMBER BOX II

Present Perfect Simple

Use	Time expressions
actions that happened in the past and have some connection to the present unspecified actions life experience for actions that began in the past and continue up to the present	ever, never, always since, for already, just, yet recently, lately so far, up to now how long

+ form	- form	? form
have/has + past participle e.g. The train has arrived.	haven't/hasn't + past participle e.g. She has never flown by plane.	(Wh-) + have/has + past participle e.g. What have you learned? Have you ever won a bike race?

7 Let's talk fashion

Talk about the changes in fashion through the decades. The following guidelines can help you.

Describe a typical male/female outfit in the 1920s.
What showed a difference between classes (in menswear) during the '20s?
Contrast menswear and womenswear in the 1940s.
Which pieces of clothes became popular in 1960s?
What about the prints in the 1990s?

8 Grammar check

Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs.

REMEMBER BOX III

PAST SIMPLE	PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

Form: • regular verbs: verb + -ed • irregular verbs: must be learned by heart	Form: • has/have + past participle
• negatives: They didn't come home on Sunday. • questions: Did you see me yesterday? did + the infinitive	• negatives: She hasn't seen Frozen 2 . • questions: Have you seen my purse around the house today?
USE: We use the Past Simple to talk about past finished actions. He played the guitar yesterday. We went to the museum this morning.	USE: We use the Present Perfect to talk about past actions with a present result. I've lost my phone. (I can't find it now) I've been to Poland, but I haven't been to Russia.

9 What about fashion today?

Watch the video about fashion and select the words you hear.

Transkript

Do you ever wonder what’s fashionable these days? Well, practically everything, but if you want to play it safe there are still a few trends to follow. Take blazers, for example. They look perfect on men and women. Pair them with trousers for a formal look or with jeans for a normal look .They are never out of fashion.

When it comes to women who like urban style, pencil skirts and plain blouses are a huge yes. Also, don’t forget to add a big scarf. Not only will you express attitude and personality, but it will surely keep you warm. What about the colors? Again, no rules, but monochrome is totally in right now.. If you add a touch of color using accessories, it will enhance the outfit and you will be dressed up in no time.

As for men, it’s all about the way they wear their clothes. Shirts, pants or plain T-shirts combined with a blazer fit any occasion, from an office meeting to a night out.

Use the words you selected to talk about fashion for at least one minute. If you want to, you can record your speech using a mobile phone.