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2.2 I did it!

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1 Fun facts

Here are some fun facts about a famous inventor, Nikola Tesla. Two of the sentences are not true. Try to guess which ones by selecting True or False and then check your answers by clicking on the CHECK button.

2 Reading

Read the text about Nikola Tesla and answer the questions to check your understanding.

Nikola Tesla was born in Smiljan, Croatia, on July 10, 1856. He was one of five children and his mother was the one who spurred his interest in electrical inventions. She invented small household appliances in her free time while Tesla was growing up. Although his father, an orthodox priest and a writer, pushed Tesla to join the priesthood, Tesla's interests lay completely in sciences.

After studying at the Realschule in Germany, the Polytechnic Institute in Graz, Austria and the University of Prague in the 1870s, he moved to Budapest. While in Budapest, he got the idea for the induction motor, but he couldn't gain interest in his inventions, and so, at the age of 28, he decided to move to America.
In 1884, Tesla arrived in the USA without any money, just his clothes and a letter of introduction to famous inventor Thomas Edison who hired him. They were soon working alongside each other, making improvements to Edison's inventions. But this business relationship ended several months later due to their completely different personalities. In 1885, Tesla got the money to start Tesla Electric Light Company and started developing improved arc lighting. He was successful but was forced out of the business and had to work as a manual labourer to survive. Two years later, he received funding for his new electric company and his luck changed.

Tesla's alternating-current electrical system caught the attention of George Westinghouse, an engineer and a businessman, who was seeking for a solution to supply the nation with long-distance power. Tesla sold his patent for 60 thousand dollars in cash and stock in the Westinghouse Corporation.

In 1895 he designed one of the first AC hydroelectric power plants at Niagara Falls.
In the late 19th century, Tesla patented the Tesla coil, the foundation for wireless technologies, which is still used in radio technology today. Around 1900 he became obsessed with the wireless transmission of energy, but his investors were starting to have doubts about his system so Tesla had to abandon the project. In 1917 he declared bankruptcy. After suffering a nervous breakdown when his free energy project closed down, he returned to work as a consultant. His ideas became more impractical and eccentric and he died a poor man on January 7, 1943.

Although throughout his career Tesla designed and developed ideas for various important inventions, most of them were patented by other inventors. Today he is most well-known for his contributions in AC electricity and for the Tesla coil.

GRAMMAR FOCUS

We use the Past Continuous to talk about actions which were in progress in the past
->In 1884, Tesla and Edison were working alongside each other.
We often use the Past Continuous together with the Past Simple in narrative situations. We use the Past Simple to talk about an action which was interrupted by another action in progress in the past (Past Continuous)
->Around 1900, Tesla's investors were starting to have doubts about his system so he had to abandon the project.
We use the Past Simple to talk about short actions in the past
->Two years later, he received funding for his new electric company.

3 Listening

Now listen to a report about two inventors, Henry Ford and Alexander Graham Bell. After listening, complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

Henry Ford (1863-1947) was an important American inventor who designed the Ford model T automobile and a method of assembly line production that made the model T the first affordable car for the American consumer. Over the years, he was trying to bring a fair product at a fair price to the public. Nearly 15 million were sold in the US alone. Although Ford didn't invent the assembly line, he used it to revolutionize the manufacturing process. Ford was a shrewd businessman and a showman, but he had a fairly thin skin so in 1919 he sued the Chicago Tribune for libel because they called him an anarchist and ignorant idealist. During 1922, he was writing and rewriting his autobiography over and over again.

Alexander Graham Bell (1847-1922) was born in Scotland but his parents immigrated to Canada in 1870, after his two brothers died of tuberculosis. They soon moved to Boston where they established speech therapy practices and they were mostly teaching deaf children to speak. Helen Keller was one of Bell's pupils and when they met she was not only blind and deaf but also unable to speak.

Although his principal source of income was working with the deaf, he continued to study sound. First he invented the photophone, then his own flying machine and a metal detector in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the fatal slug in the body of James Garfield, the American president. He started working with Thomas Watson and on June 2nd, 1875, while they were experimenting with Bell's harmonic telegraph, the men discovered that sound could be transmitted over a wire. Although it was a completely accidental discovery, the telephone was born.


4 Check your understanding

Complete the sentences with the Past Simple or Past Continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

5 Questions and answers

Write YES/NO questions for the sentences.

6 Time for research

Do some research into famous inventors, like Johannes Gutenberg, Marie Curie, Thomas Edison or Rudolph Diesel. Write 150 to 170 words about their life and inventions in your notebook. Try to find one interesting or fun fact about them. Use the Past Simple and Past Continuous while writing.

7 What do you think?

What improvements would you like to see in the future? (More fuel-efficient cars, satellites that detect floods and droughts etc.)
Do you think inventors improve people's lives?
Write your answers in your notebook or discuss them with a partner.

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